| Force Unit |
Select a unit for all axial loads specified on this page. |
| Moment Unit |
Select a unit for all moment loads specified on this page. |
| Heat Exchanger Loads |
Six types of axial forces are used for input. They are:
- Empty Load - Exchanger assembly Weight in empty condition
- Operating Load - Exchanger assembly weight with fluids at operating level condition
- Test Load - Exchanger assembly weight with fluids at test level condition
- Live Load - Superimposed live load on exchanger assembly e.g. platform live load attached to the exchanger
- Erection Load - Construction loading on exchanger assembly e.g. crane loading
- Miscellaneous Axial Load
- Thermal load - Load generated by thermal expansion of exchanger assembly, thermal load is entirely applied at fixed end
- Bundle Pull - Axial couple loading is considered on piers for Bundle pull force. Lateral load imposed on exchanger assembly under maintenance procedure, program distributes bundle pull force equally on piers.
Application of all primary load is in accordance with PIPSTE03360
The program generates axial, lateral forces and moments based on primary load input. Additional loading can be entered through user defined moment.
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| User Defined Moment |
Four types of moments are used for input. They are:
- Empty Moment
- Operating Moment
- Longitudinal Miscellaneous Moment
- Transverse Miscellaneous Moment
Note: Direct inputs are always applied at top of pedestal (bottom of base plate), it is per industry standards. Vendors provide the loads at bottom of base plate of vessel. All program generated loads are applied at center of vessel.
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| Pedestal Load Distribution % |
Give the load distribution percentage for Shell End and Channel End. Channel End is usually considered as sliding end and Shell End is considered as fixed end.
Note: Vertical loads are not affected by pedestal type (fixed or sliding). Vertical loads are distributed per pedestal load distribution percentage. Conventionally channel end is heavier than shell end. Standard percentage of distribution for vertical loads is - Channel End 60% & Shell End 40%.
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| Design Self Weight |
This option enables user to select self weight of the footing, self weight of the pedestal and self weight of the soil above footing to be considered for reinforcement design or not.
Note: Self weight is always considered for service checks.
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| Self Weight Factor |
Coefficient of calculated self weight for use in dead load cases. Further to design self weight option, self weight considered can be modified using this factor. |
| Slide Plate Parameter |
Sliding plate coefficient only affects the seismic loads on exchanger assembly.
Slide plate coefficient of friction is used to determine % longitudinal lateral loads distributed on Shell End and Channel End.
Per PIPSTE03360 4.3.2.3, for low friction plates (α≤0.2) entire earthquake load is applied on fixed pier (Shell End). In case of high friction plates (α ≥0.2), 70% of earthquake load applied on fixed pier.
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